|Table of Contents|

[1] Liu Li, Marina Bergen Jensen, Meng Qingyi, et al. Potential contributions to Beijing’s water supplyfrom reuse of storm- and greywater [J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2014, 30 (2): 150-157. [doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-7985.2014.02.003]
Copy

Potential contributions to Beijing’s water supplyfrom reuse of storm- and greywater()
雨水和中水回用对北京供水的潜在贡献
Share：

Journal of Southeast University (English Edition)[ISSN:1003-7985/CN:32-1325/N]

Volumn:
30
Issue:
2014 2
Page:
150-157
Research Field:
Other Disciplines
Publishing date:
2014-06-20

Info

Title:
Potential contributions to Beijing’s water supplyfrom reuse of storm- and greywater
雨水和中水回用对北京供水的潜在贡献
Author(s):
Liu Li1, 2, Marina Bergen Jensen1, Meng Qingyi3
1Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
2Sino-Danish Center for Education & Research, Beijing 100191, China
3Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China
刘栗1, 2, Marina Bergen Jensen1, 孟庆一3
1哥本哈根大学地球科学和自然资源管理系, Frederiksberg 1958, 丹麦; 2中国丹麦科研教育中心, 北京 100191; 3北京水科学与技术研究院, 北京 100048
Keywords:
urban water cycle;  water supply;  water reuse
城市水循环;  供水;  水的再利用
PACS:
TV213;TU991.11
DOI:
10.3969/j.issn.1003-7985.2014.02.003
Abstract:
In order to find new approaches to alleviating the water crisis in Beijing, which is caused by, among others, dwindling precipitation and rapid growth of population, and manifests in a rapidly declining groundwater table, this study explores decentralized stormwater harvesting and greywater reuse at household level as a means to reduce groundwater abstraction and water transfer from other regions. Based on a desktop case study, two concepts for combined harvesting and reusing of storm- and greywater are presented. With rough pre-assumptions, calculations show that a saving of 67.8% of tap water consumption can be achieved with the upgrading concept, compared with 5.9% with the simple downgrading concept. The saving with the upgrading concept equals 0.545×109 m3 annual water volume, if 20 million Beijing people apply this approach. Despite numerous prerequisites, such as water treatment technology, space demand, energy and cost, and public acceptance, this paper advocates combining stormwater harvesting and greywater reuse in households with other measures for Beijing’s sustainable water management.
为寻找新途径以缓解北京市因日趋减少的年降水量和人口快速增长等因素引起的水危机, 及地下水位迅速下降的状况, 探讨了基于住户的分散式雨水收集和中水回用, 作为减少地下水抽取和从其他地区调水的手段.通过案头案例研究, 提出了雨水和中水结合式收集再利用的2个理念.基于粗略假设, 计算表明采用升级理念可节约生活自来水消费的67.8%, 而采用降级理念则节约5.9%.如果2000万北京市民采用升级理念, 将节约相当于0.545×109m3的年供水量.尽管先决条件诸多, 如水处理技术、空间需求、能源和成本, 以及公众接受能力, 主张采用住户雨水收集和中水回用与其他措施相结合, 以实现北京可持续的水管理.

References:

[1] Shen D, Liu B. Integrated urban and rural water affairs management, affecting factor, institutional evolution [J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2008, 33(5):364-375.
[2] SWITCH. An overview of water resources situation in Beijing. Integrated project global change and ecosystems(2006—2011), Deliverable 5.2.1-Annex 2 [EB/OL].(2011-06-22)[2013-06-20]. http://www.switchurbanwater.eu/outputs/pdfs/W5-2-CBEI-RPT-D5.2.1-Situation-Analysis---Annex-2-Beijing.pdf.
[3] Beijing Water Authority. Beijing water resource bulletin 2009 [R]. Beijing: Beijing Water Authority, 2010.(in Chinese)
[4] Marsalek J, Jiménez-Cisneros B E, Malmquist P-A, et al. Urban water cycle processes and interactions [R]. Paris: International Hydrological Programme(IHP)of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), 2006.
[5] Howe C A, Butterworth J, Smout I K, et al. Findings from the SWITCH project 2006—2011. Sustainable water management in the city of the future(Final Report)[R]. Delft: SWITCH Central Management Unit, 2011.
[6] Naylor T, Moglia M, Grant A L, et al. Self-reported judgements of management and governance issues in stormwater and greywater systems [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012, 29-30: 144-150.
[7] Ingvertsen S T, Cederkvist K, Régent Y, et al. Assessment of existing roadside swales with engineered filter soil: I. characterization and lifetime expectancy [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2012, 41(6): 1960-1969.
[8] Muthukumaran S, Baskaran K, Sexton N. Quantification of potable water savings by residential water conservation and reuse—a case study [J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011, 55(11): 945-952.
[9] Dilip M G, Kunwar D Y. Characteristics and treatment of greywater—a review [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013, 20(5): 2795-2809.
[10] Nolde E. Greywater reuse systems for toilet flusing in multi-storey buildings—over ten years’ experience in Berlin [J]. Urban Water, 1999(1):275-284.
[11] Li Z, Boyle F, Reynolds A. Rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment systems for domestic application in Ireland [J]. Desalination, 2010, 260(1/2/3): 1-8.
[12] Association for Rainwater Harvesting and Water Utilization(fbr). Greywater recycling and reuse [EB/OL]. [2013-06-02]. http://www.fbr.de/fileadmin/user-upload/files/Englische-Seite/Greywater-Recycling-Introduction.pdf.
[13] Mandal D, Labhasetwar P, Dhone S, et al. Water conservation due to greywater treatment and reuse in urban setting with specific context to developing countries [J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011, 55(3): 356-361.
[14] Morten A, Dalsgaard A. Establishment and operation of facilities for the collection, treatment and recycling of greywater for toilet-flushing and washing machine-Nordhavnsgården [R]. Ecological Urban Renewal and Wastewater Treatment No.47, Copenhagen: Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 2004.(in Danish)
[15] Nolde & Partner. Tour Nr.2 Block 6: Greywater recycling and rainwater management in Berlin-Kreuzberg Offered [EB/OL].[2013-06-02]. http://www.wasser-berlin.de/media/global/global-image/global-apps/global-edb/global-edb-upload-2013/global-edb-events-wasser-2/edb-263394.pdf.
[16] Pan A J, Zhang S H, Chen J G, et al. Urban rainwater utilization technology research and application [M]. Beijing: China Water Power Press, 2010.(in Chinese)
[17] Beijing Statistical Information Net. Beijing district and county data 2009 [EB/OL].(2010)[2014-04-20]. http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/qynj/2010-qynj/system/main2.htm.
[18] DANVA(Danish water and wastewater association). Water consumption [EB/OL].(2012)[2014-04-20]. http://www.danva.dk/Presse/Tal-og-analyser/Vandforbrug.aspx.
[19] Friedler E, Hadari M. Economic feasibility of on-site greywater reuse in multi-storey buildings [J]. Desalination, 2005, 190(1/2/3): 221-234.
[20] Domènech L, Saurí D. Socio-technical transitions in water scarcity contexts: public acceptance of greywater reuse technologies in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona [J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2010, 55(1):53-62.

Memo

Memo:
Biography: Liu Li(1972—), female, doctor, liu@ign.ku.dk.
Citation: Liu Li, Marina Bergen Jensen, Meng Qingyi.Potential contributions to Beijing’s water supply from reuse of storm- and greywater[J].Journal of Southeast University(English Edition), 2014, 30(2):150-157.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-7985.2014.02.003]
Last Update: 2014-06-20