|Table of Contents|

[1] LI Wenjie, LAIMA Shujin,. Experimental investigation of the flow-structure interaction mechanism of flutter for an 8∶1 rectangular flat plate [J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2026, 42 (1): 36-54. [doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-7985.2026.01.004]
Copy

Experimental investigation of the flow-structure interaction mechanism of flutter for an 8∶1 rectangular flat plate()
8∶1矩形平板颤振流固耦合机理试验研究

Journal of Southeast University (English Edition)[ISSN:1003-7985/CN:32-1325/N]

Volumn:
42
Issue:
2026 1
Page:
36-54
Research Field:
Traffic and Transportation Engineering
Publishing date:
2026-03-20

Info

Title:
Experimental investigation of the flow-structure interaction mechanism of flutter for an 8∶1 rectangular flat plate
8∶1矩形平板颤振流固耦合机理试验研究
Author(s):
LI Wenjie, LAIMA Shujin
1.Key Laboratory of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
2.Key Laboratory of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
3.School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
李文杰, 赖马树金
1.哈尔滨工业大学教育部结构动力行为与控制重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090
2.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程智能防灾减灾工信部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090
3.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院, 哈尔滨 150090
Keywords:
flutter;  aerodynamic instability;  fluid-structure interaction;  leading-edge vortex (LEV);  spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD)
颤振;  气动不稳定性;  流固耦合;  前缘涡;  谱本征正交分解
PACS:
U448.25
DOI:
10.3969/j.issn.1003-7985.2026.01.004
Abstract:
The intrinsic interaction mechanism of flutter between the flow and structure of a rectangular plate remains a mystery from the viewpoint of unsteady flow. The present study provides a novel insight into this interaction mechanism based on an adequate understanding of the formation and evolution of the flapping leading-edge vortex (LEV). A series of wind tunnel tests was conducted to investigate the nonlinear flutter instability of an 8∶1 rectangular plate. The complete flow fields around the model throughout the flutter process were obtained by a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique using two synchronous cameras with an interpolation and resampling method. To acquire the flow structures corresponding to the characteristic frequency of flutter, the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) method was extended to a noninertial frame to reconstruct the low-rank flow field during flutter and extract the characteristic flow pattern coupled with oscillations. It was found that when the 8∶1 rectangular plate undergoes flutter, the LEVs exhibit a periodic flapping phenomenon induced by the structure oscillations. A two-dimensional correlation analysis of the flapping LEVs was conducted for different inflow velocities. The results demonstrate that there is a substantial phase lead phenomenon in the LEV evolution downstream for a higher inflow velocity. This phenomenon may be related to a phase offset of aerodynamic forces, and finally, it gives rise to flutter.
当前钝体平板颤振研究中,非定常流动与结构振动之间的相互作用机制尚未明晰。本文探究了8∶1矩形平板颤振过程中前缘涡的形成与演化机制,为揭示颤振的流固耦合机理提供了新的视角。开展了一系列风洞试验,对8∶1矩形平板的非线性颤振失稳特性进行了研究。采用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)和流场插值重构方法,获取了8∶1矩形平板发生颤振前后完整的绕流场特征。为了进一步分析与颤振耦合频率相关的特征流态,将谱本征正交分解方法(SPOD)拓展至非惯性参考系,实现了非稳态振动边界下颤振绕流场重构和颤振相关特征流动结构提取,发现8∶1矩形平板发生颤振时,前缘涡受结构振动诱导出现周期性拍动现象。对不同来流速度下拍动前缘涡结构进行相关性分析,结果表明,前缘涡演化随风速提高呈现出显著的相位前移现象,进而诱发气动力同样发生相位前移,最终导致颤振发生。

References:

[1]SCANLAN R H, TOMKO J J. Airfoil and bridge deck flutter derivatives[J]. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 1971, 97(6): 1717-1737.
[2]MATSUMOTO M. Aerodynamic damping of prisms[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1996, 59(2/3): 159-175.
[3]GU M, ZHANG R X, XIANG H F. Identification of flutter derivatives of bridge decks[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2000, 84(2): 151-162.
[4]CHEN A R, HE X F, XIANG H F. Identification of 18 flutter derivatives of bridge decks[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2002, 90(12/13/14/15): 2007-2022.
[5]XU F Y, ZHU L D, GE X M, et al. Some new insights into the identification of bridge deck flutter derivatives[J]. Engineering Structures, 2014, 75: 418-428.
[6]NIETO F, OWEN J S, HARGREAVES D M, et al. Bridge deck flutter derivatives: Efficient numerical evaluation exploiting their interdependence[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2015, 136: 138-150.
[7]ANDERSEN M S, ØISETH O, JOHANSSON J, et al. Flutter derivatives from free decay tests of a rectangular B/D=10 section estimated by optimized system identification methods[J]. Engineering Structures, 2018, 156: 284-293.
[8]ZHOU R, WANG H, XU Z D. Analysis on flutter performance of flexible photovoltaic support based on full-order method[J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2024, 40(3): 238-244.
[9]AMANDOLESE X, MICHELIN S, CHOQUEL M. Low speed flutter and limit cycle oscillations of a two-degree-of-freedom flat plate in a wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2013, 43: 244-255.
[10]ARENA A, LACARBONARA W, MARZOCCA P. Post-critical behavior of suspension bridges under nonlinear aerodynamic loading[J]. Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics, 2016, 11: 011005.
[11]MENON K, MITTAL R. Flow physics and dynamics of flow-induced pitch oscillations of an airfoil[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2019, 877: 582-613.
[12]ZHOU R, GE Y J, YANG Y X, et al. Wind-induced nonlinear behaviors of twin-box girder bridges with various aerodynamic shapes[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2018, 94(2): 1095-1115.
[13]ZHU Y H, SU Y X, BREUER K. Nonlinear flow-induced instability of an elastically mounted pitching wing[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2020, 899: A35.
[14]YUAN W Y, LAIMA S J, CHEN W L, et al. External excitation effects on the flutter characteristics of a 2-DOF rigid rectangular panel[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2021, 209: 104486.
[15]ZHANG H F, WEN J H, ZHOU L. Reduced-order model of unsteady wind turbine wake based on a multifunctional recurrent fuzzy neural network[J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2025, 41(4): 437-445.
[16]ZOU L H, WANG J, SONG J, et al. Analysis of wind-induced vibration response characteristics of multispan double-layer cable photovoltaic support structure[J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2025, 41(1): 37-43.
[17]SCANLAN R H. Amplitude and turbulence effects on bridge flutter derivatives[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1997, 123(2): 232-236.
[18]NODA M, UTSUNOMIYA H, NAGAO F, et al. Effects of oscillation amplitude on aerodynamic derivatives[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003, 91(1/2): 101-111.
[19]NÁPRSTEK J, POSPÍŠIL S, HRAČOV S. Analytical and experimental modelling of non-linear aeroelastic effects on prismatic bodies[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2007, 95(9/10/11): 1315-1328.
[20]GAO G Z, ZHU L D, HAN W S, et al. Nonlinear post-flutter behavior and self-excited force model of a twin-side-girder bridge deck[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2018, 177: 227-241.
[21]GAO G Z, ZHU L D, LI J W, et al. A novel two-degree-of-freedom model of nonlinear self-excited force for coupled flutter instability of bridge decks[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2020, 480: 115406.
[22]WU B, WANG Q, LIAO H L, et al. Hysteresis response of nonlinear flutter of a truss girder: Experimental investigations and theoretical predictions[J]. Computers & Structures, 2020, 238: 106267.
[23]ZHANG M J, XU F Y, ZHANG Z B, et al. Energy budget analysis and engineering modeling of post-flutter limit cycle oscillation of a bridge deck[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2019, 188: 410-420.
[24]WU B, WANG Q, LIAO H L, et al. Flutter derivatives of a flat plate section and analysis of flutter instability at various wind angles of attack[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2020, 196: 104046.
[25]WU Y C, CHEN X Z, WANG Y F. Identification of linear and nonlinear flutter derivatives of bridge decks by unscented Kalman filter approach from free vibration or stochastic buffeting response[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2021, 214: 104650.
[26]LI W J, LAIMA S J, JIN X W, et al. A novel long short-term memory neural-network-based self-excited force model of limit cycle oscillations of nonlinear flutter for various aerodynamic configurations[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2020, 100(3): 2071-2087.
[27]LI T, WU T, LIU Z. Nonlinear unsteady bridge aerodynamics: Reduced-order modeling based on deep LSTM networks[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2020, 198: 104116.
[28]LIAO H L, MEI H Y, HU G, et al. Machine learning strategy for predicting flutter performance of streamlined box girders[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2021, 209: 104493.
[29]MATSUMOTO M, DAITO Y, YOSHIZUMI F, et al. Torsional flutter of bluff bodies[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1997, 69: 871-882.
[30]BHAT S S, GOVARDHAN R N. Stall flutter of NACA 0012 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2013, 41: 166-174.
[31]HU C X, ZHAO L, GE Y J. A simplified vortex model for the mechanism of vortex-induced vibrations in a streamlined closed-box girder[J]. Wind and Structures, 2021, 32(4): 309-319.
[32]HU C X, ZHAO L, GE Y J. Multiple-order vertical vortex-induced vibration mechanism of a typical streamlined closed-box girder[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2022, 227: 105066.
[33]BAIK Y S, BERNAL L P, GRANLUND K, et al. Unsteady force generation and vortex dynamics of pitching and plunging aerofoils[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2012, 709: 37-68.
[34]PITT FORD C W, BABINSKY H. Lift and the leading-edge vortex[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2013, 720: 280-313.
[35]ONOUE K, BREUER K S. Vortex formation and shedding from a cyber-physical pitching plate[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 793: 229-247.
[36]LI Z Y, FENG L H, KISSING J, et al. Experimental investigation on the leading-edge vortex formation and detachment mechanism of a pitching and plunging plate[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2020, 901: A17.
[37]MIOTTO R, WOLF W, GAITONDE D, et al. Analysis of the onset and evolution of a dynamic stall vortex on a periodic plunging aerofoil[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2022, 938: A24.
[38]STEVENS P R R J, BABINSKY H. Experiments to investigate lift production mechanisms on pitching flat plates[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2016, 58(1): 7.
[39]MILLS R, SHERIDAN J, HOURIGAN K. Response of base suction and vortex shedding from rectangular prisms to transverse forcing[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2002, 461: 25-49.
[40]Qin J X, Long J L, Zhang M J, et al. Long-range nighttime dynamic monitoring of long-span cable-stayed bridge with the enhanced bokeh tracking method using closing operation and Long Short-term Memory networks[J]. Engineering Structures, 2025, 342: 120913.
[41]Qin J X, Zhang M J, Long J L, et al. Bokeh-based target tracking for structural dynamic monitoring: A novel approach in variable lighting conditions[J]. Engineering Structures, 2024, 316: 118514.
[42]LUMLEY J L. The structure of inhomogeneous turbulent flows[M]// Atmospheric Turbulence and Radio Wave Propagation. Moscow: Nauka, 1967: 166-178.
[43]SCHMIDT O T, COLONIUS T. Guide to spectral proper orthogonal decomposition[J]. AIAA Journal, 2020, 58(3): 1023-1033.
[44]NEKKANTI A, SCHMIDT O T. Frequency-time analysis, low-rank reconstruction and denoising of turbulent flows using SPOD[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2021, 926: A26.
[45]WU J Z, LU X Y, ZHUANG L X. Integral force acting on a body due to local flow structures[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007, 576: 265-286.
[46]WU J Z, PAN Z L, LU X Y. Unsteady fluid-dynamic force solely in terms of control-surface integral[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2005, 17(9): 098102.
[47]DYNNIKOVA G Y, ANDRONOV P R. Expressions of force and moment exerted on a body in a viscous flow via the flux of vorticity generated on its surface[J]. European Journal of Mechanics-B/Fluids, 2018, 72: 293-300.
[48]HOWE M S. On the force and moment on a body in an incompressible fluid, with application to rigid bodies and bubbles at high and low Reynolds numbers[J]. Quarterly Journal of Mechanics & Applied Mathematics, 1995, 48(3): 401-426.

Memo

Memo:
Received: 2025-05-07; Revised: 2025-09-06.
Biographies: LI Wenjie (1994—), male, doctor; LAIMA Shujin (corresponding author), male, doctor, professor, laimashujin@hit.edu.cn.
Foundation items: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52178470), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2022YFC3005303).
Citation: LI Wenjie, LAIMA Shujin. Experimental investigation of the flow-structure interaction mechanism of flutter for an 8∶1 rectangular flat plate[J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2026, 42(1): 36-54. DOI: 10. 3969/j. issn. 1003-7985. 2026. 01. 004.
Last Update: 2026-03-20